Синхронізація фінансових ресурсів підприємства: інвестиційний аспект

Abstract

У статті розглянуті і запропоновані альтернативні варіанти розрахунку та модлювання чинників фінансових ресурсів підприємства, які сприятимуть оптимальному формуванню грошового потоку, що спричинятиме зростання зацікавленості підприємством у інвесторів. З цією метою у дослідженні запропнрвано використання методу фінансового управління, який базується на концепції управління грошовими потоками, що формуюють єдину систему грошових ресурсів підприємства. Дана концепція розглядає сукупність грошових потоків, які мають різні характеристики і цим самим забезпечує їх динамічне управління, відображаючи ліквідність підприємства. Синхронізація та оптимізація грошових потоків від усіх видів діяльності стимулюватиме інтерес інвесторів та сприятиме ефективному розподілу та використанню вільної грошової маси для інвестування у розвиток підприємства, його ключових джерел прибутковості. The basis for the effective functioning of economic projects is a number of important aspects: a well-organized organization of the economic and financial process, compliance with the regulatory framework, recruitment and personnel management, reliable accounting and careful control, taking into account external and internal factors of influence. However, all the above-mentioned aspects can not exist without the presence of a monetary asset. Cash or non-cash cash in national or foreign currency, which is in constant motion, is the basis for providing a modern scheme of settlement transactions. Studies of the current state of the economy prove that for the effective functioning of the enterprise it is necessary to always have information about themovement of cash and settlements in the enterprise, which requires the establishment of an efficient system of the operation of accounting for cash and settlements, analysis of their movement. This requires a detailed consideration of the organization of cash flow and the calculation of their optimal needs. In the context of inflation and non-payment management the optimal size of cash flow in the enterprise is an important condition for ensuring its livelihoods. Profit for the reporting period and cash received by the enterprise during the period are not equivalent, since the availability of profits does not necessarily mean that the company has free cash available for use. Taking into account this, the basis for optimizing the cash flow of the enterprise activity is to ensure the balance of the positive and negative flows, the main objective of which is to ensure equilibrium, synchronization and growth of net cash flow. New tools and methods of financial management are beginning to be used effectively at domestic enterprises, but, in our opinion, there is insufficiently developed the question of assessing the economic efficiency of these tools, analyzing the analytical aspects of composition, dynamics, structure of the system of indicators for the purpose of effective enterprise management, their influence on the organization of production and the provision of its processes. Negative effects of excess cash flow are reflected in the decrease due to inflation of real value of surplus funds, loss of profit from unallocated capital, and deficit -in the growth of payables, reduction of liquidity and solvency of the enterprise. In order to optimize the cash flow deficit, a system of accelerating the attraction offunds and slowdown of their expenditures is used. In order to accelerate the attraction of funds, use the system of flexible prices for products, mechanisms ofprepayment in calculations, reduction of terms of commercial credit, modern forms of refinancing receivables (bill circulation, factoring), etc. Decrease in expenditure is achieved by: increasing the terms of a commercial loan, replacing the purchase of non-current assets for their lease (leasing), transferring short-term loans in long-term. A wider range of opportunities for balancing positive and negative cash flows can be achieved in the long run (changing the schemes of strategic investment, stock market activity, rational management of property and constant costs). Synchronization of cash flows is necessary to avoid periodic and cyclical differences in the formation of the structure of cash flows, and as a consequence - to optimize the average cash balances. Thus, optimization of cash flows of the enterprise will enable to avoid undesirable risks of non-payment, inflation ofunused cash balances, imbalances in cash receipts and restraint of business development due to the lack of free financial resources.