DSpace Collection: Світ фінансів Випуск 1 2018 рік
http://dspace.wunu.edu.ua/handle/316497/28595
Світ фінансів Випуск 1 2018 рік2024-03-29T08:01:30ZСистемні детермінанти нерівномірного економічного розвитку глобалізованого світу
http://dspace.wunu.edu.ua/handle/316497/28986
Title: Системні детермінанти нерівномірного економічного розвитку глобалізованого світу
Authors: Зварич, Роман; Zvarych, Roman
Abstract: Проаналізовано тенденції економічного розвитку та зростання, конвергенцію доходів країн, що розвиваються, в масштабах світової економіки. Оцінено рівень доіндустріальної нерівності та встановлено початкову точку її виникнення в світі. Визначено розрив в доходах на душу населення між багатими та бідними країнами. Охарактеризовано рівень абсолютної бідності та її вплив на світовий розвиток. Досліджено заходи з подолання бідності та неекономічні фактори і геополітичні ризики, що загрожують подальшому зростанню країн, що розвиваються. Introduction. Globalization has accelerated the transformation of authoritarian societies into the perception of individual elements of the liberal-market model. It created favorable conditions for their cooperation with developed Western countries; stimulated economic modernization; and attracted countries to world economic processes. Positive shifts in the development of developing countries are associated with high rate of growth. But on the other hand, globalization left national states little chance to preserve their own economic, political and cultural sovereignty and strengthened their dependence on the developed world. Purpose. Purpose of the article is research of the unequal economic participation and divergence of economic inequality in developing countries and estimation of their impact on the uneven development of the world. Methods. The method of content formalization the development, growth and convergence of developing countries is used; hypothetical-deductive method in evaluating the level of preindustrial inequality in the world is used; systematic approach to analyze income gap per capita between rich and poor countries is used; hypothesis method for poverty reduction ways and geopolitical risks elimination is used.
Results. The research is focused on development, growth and convergence of developing countries in the world economy. It is estimated the level of preindustrial inequality and it is established the starting point of its occurrence in the world. The developing and industrialized world is concentrated in dozens of countries where economic growth was associated with structural changes in production and employment. The research showed a gap in income per capita between rich and poor countries. The exclusion of the least developed countries is a key factor of international inequalities in the world as a whole and within the developing regions. It is defined the share of people below the poverty line and the level of its influence on world development. If rapid growth has led to human development and social progress in some countries, then in much more countries this growth has not provided development. It is explored the poverty reduction measures, non-economic factors and geopolitical risks that can destroy the further growth of developing countries. Conclusion. In a context of structural change, the development of the global economy will largely depend on the growth rates of developing countries. Despite the growing of economic power, developing countries can face certain specific problems associated with the pursuit of rapid economic growth. For economic development, developing countries should eradicate poverty, create jobs and inclusive growth. This sustainable way of developing mobilizes human resources of developing countries. The spread of education is the basis of the development of countries that industrialized late. Infrastructure, both physical and social, is the basis for the earlier stages of industrialization. Developing countries should strive to combine economic growth with human development and social transformation. This requires the creative interaction between the state and the market over the dominance of the market model.2018-01-01T00:00:00ZПодаткова політика країн ОЕСР
http://dspace.wunu.edu.ua/handle/316497/28985
Title: Податкова політика країн ОЕСР
Authors: Пасічний, Микола; Pasichnyi, Mykola
Abstract: Систематизовано досвід формування і реалізації податкової політики країн ОЕСР у довгостроковій ретроспективі. Визначено, що фактор зростання рівня податкового навантаження не має суттєвого деструктивного впливу на темпи зростання реального валового внутрішнього продукту. Виявлено, що в розрізі структури оподаткування найбільш негативний вплив на економічний розвиток належить податкам на капітал, а податки на споживання мають нейтральний характер. Досліджено основні заходи податкового регулювання, які спрямовано на створення сприятливих умов для довгострокового економічного зростання. Проведено комплексний аналіз структури податкових надходжень у 1981–2016 рр. Узагальнено основні тенденції оподаткування, здійснено оцінку причин структурних трансформацій податкових систем. Introduction. Globalization intensifies the necessity for intergovernmental cooperation aiming to implement the measures on the tax and customs regulation. Considering both the economic cyclicality and historical retrospective, it is expedient to study the advanced and emerging market economies’ experience in the field of developing and implementing a set of fiscal policy measures during the economic expansion, recession, stagnation, and post-crisis recovery periods.
The purposeis to systemize the experience of the government tax policy preparation and implementation in the OECD countries in the long-term retrospective, and to assess the tax structure and the level of taxation impact on economic growth. Results. Based on methods of economic regression to evaluate the fiscal policy in the OECD countries over 1981–2016 period, it was determined that increase in the tax burden did not provoke any significant destructive effect on the economy. At the same time, in the context of the tax structure, the taxes on capital had a negative impact on the real GDP growth rates, the taxes on labor had a lower degree of influence, and the effect of the taxes on consumption was almost neutral. The main measures of the tax regulation aimed to create the most favorable conditions for a long-term economic growth were investigated. The tax revenues structure’s complex analysis was carried out; the main tendencies of taxation were generalized. Conclusion. Tax policy is as an adaptive mechanism allowing to regulate the country’s economic development. The OECD countries consistently implement the systematic measures to reduce the income tax rate. This practice is caused by the need to create the most favorable conditions for the entrepreneurship development. Regarding the universal consumption taxes, a gradual rise in their rates was recorded. That fact is reflected by an increase in these taxes’ fiscal importance (taking into account the neutrality of their impact on the economic agents’ business activity). The transformation in the import operations’ model of taxation as well as the implementation and active intensification of free trade policies led to a reduction in the specific weight of customs duties. In modern conditions, the tax legislation’s unification as well as the strengthening of the supranational tax regulation’s role outline an important trend in the development of taxation systems both in advanced and emerging market economies.2018-01-01T00:00:00ZФормування методики визначення системно важливих страхових компаній в Україні
http://dspace.wunu.edu.ua/handle/316497/28984
Title: Формування методики визначення системно важливих страхових компаній в Україні
Authors: Біла, Дарина; Bila, Daryna
Abstract: Доведено необхідність визначення системно важливих страхових компаній в Україні. Досліджено зарубіжний досвід ідентифікації глобальних системно важливих страхових компаній, а саме перелік критеріїв, що увійшли до методології, розробленої Міжнародною асоціацією органів страхового нагляду. Сформовано авторську методику визначення системно важливих страхових компаній на національному рівні, яка побудована на основі показників трьох категорій: розмір, взаємопов’язаність, нестрахова діяльність. За результатами проведеного дослідження визначено перелік системно важливих страхових компаній України. Introduction. The lack of a legislative approach to the identification of a national systemically important insurers requires appropriate scientific research. Purpose. Developing a methodology for identifying national systemically important insurance companies, based on the experience of the International Association of Insurance Supervisors (IAIS). Results.This article researched the foreign practice of determining the category of “systemically important financial institution” and the reasons for its allocation. The idea was to consider a list of criteria for the identification of Global Systemically Important Insurers, based on the experience of the IAIS. The research proved the necessity of identifying systemically important insurers in Ukraine. The author developed the methodology for identifying systemically important insurers at the national level, which is based on indicators of three categories: size, interconnectedness, non-insurance activities. The methodology identified the systemically important insurers in the Ukrainian market that are representatives of foreign insurance groups and insurance companies with national capital. Conclusion. The presence of systemically important companies in the market requires supervision by the regulator for their activities. The first step in regulating the activities of systemically important insurers is to increase control over their compliance with the law, especially as regards the transparency of reporting and disclosure of information about insurer's services for clients.2018-01-01T00:00:00ZРинок страхових послуг України і його позиціонування серед провідних страхових ринків світу
http://dspace.wunu.edu.ua/handle/316497/28983
Title: Ринок страхових послуг України і його позиціонування серед провідних страхових ринків світу
Authors: Войнова, Євгенія; Voynova, Evgeniia
Abstract: Досліджено ринок страхових послуг України. Проаналізовано статистичні показники світового ринку страхових послуг і виокремлено дев’ять країн, які є абсолютними лідерами за кожним показником, а саме: Великобританія, Люксембург, Данія, Багамські острови, Франція, Гонконг, Коста Ріка, Швейцарія, Венесуела. Проведено порівняння страхових ринків цих країн і діяльність провідних страхових компаній України. Доведено, що страховий ринок України є ефективним відповідно до сучасних ринкових умов, проте неідеальним стосовно потенціалу позитивного впливу на економіку країни. Introduction.The insurance market is an important infrastructure component of highly developed economies, playing the role of an accumulator of money from the population and enterprises, and redistributing them through financial mechanisms to the real economy. Therefore, it is noteworthy to find out what the «ideal» insurance market is it and how this situation can be achieved in Ukraine. Purpose. The aim of the article is to analyze the criterion of determination the category “ideal” insurance market, to discover the Ukrainian insurance market and to identify how far the Ukrainian market from the ideal one. Results. Absolute indicators of the insurance industry development in Ukraine are very small in comparison with international indicators. The Ukrainian insurance market is integrated into the world one, and although it presents a limited range of insurance products, this is likely due to the small demand, which makes it irrational to implement more. Conclusion. The insurance market of Ukraine operates on a market basis, insurance companies meet the international standards and requirements of Ukrainian legislation. It is effective in terms of compliance with the current market conditions in Ukraine, but is far from perfect in terms of the potential of providing financial services to consumers and the use of accumulated insurance premiums in the financial system of the country.2018-01-01T00:00:00Z