Хорватські серби у першій половині 1990-х років: причини і характер збройного конфлікту

Abstract

У статті розкрито становище сербської меншини у Хорватії наприкінці ХХ ст. причини сербсько-хорватського конфлікту. Показано процес конституювання самопроголошених сербських областей, що завершився фактичним відокремленням їх від Хорватії. Звернено увагу на спроби міжнародних організацій мирно вирішити конфлікт та їх невдачу. Показано вплив сербсько-хорватського протистояння на внутрішнє становище країни та її стосунки з іншими державами.

Anticommunist party, Croatian Democratic Union, was a winner on the parliamentary election in Croatia in 1990. The new administration have made a cleaning of the administrative and police institutions and have changed the official name of the republic as well as the national symbols. All this reasons have caused a fear among the Croatian Serbs who were the biggest national minority in Croatia and until the election of 1990 occupied the key posts in the administration. Displeasure of the local Serbs was increased by the propaganda of Great Serbian idea from Belgrad. Reluctance of the opponents to reach a compromise had caused the revolt of the Croatian Serbs in August 1990. Gradually they have established their own state in the territory where they formed the majority. The Serbs refused to lead a dialog about their reintegration into Croatia, although the Croatian legislation guarantied them wide rights. The International peaceful forces which were sent to Croatia were week. Then Croatia has decided to return this territory by force and has realized it in the course of the two military actions in 1995. A great number of the local Serbs could not live under Croatian control and have moved to the territory of Bosnia and Serbia. This exodus caused a criticism against Croatia from the Western side. The West demanded from Zagreb to return the Serbs. The events of 1990–1995 influenced the relations between the Croats and the Serbs and between Croatia and the West.