Вдосконалення інструментарію державної міграційної політики в Україні

Abstract

Досліджено проблеми трудової міграції в Україні в контексті вдосконалення стратегічного планування та такої державної економічної політики, яка максимально враховувала б інтереси країни, її переваги, а також необхідність наближення до світових стандартів. Вказано основні цілі удосконалення Концепції державної міграційної політики в Україні. Проаналізовано загальносвітові тенденцій міграційних потоків та особливості міжнародної трудової міграції в Україні для визначення пріоритетних напрямів їх регулювання. Сформовано комплекс напрямів щодо вдосконалення регулювання міжнародної трудової міграції та зазначено інструментарій їхнього впровадження. Introduction. The study of the problem of international labor migration in Ukraine indicates the need for strategic planning and creation of such a state economic policy that would take into account as much as possible the interests of the country, its absolute and comparative advantages, and also approach to world standards. Purpose. The purpose of the article is to analyze the global trends of migration flows and the peculiarities of international labor migration in Ukraine in order to determine the priority directions of their regulation. Results. In this article the issue of regulation of international labor migration in Ukraine are investigated. The principles are analyzed and the main objectives of the Concept of the State Migration Policy in Ukraine (ensuring sustainable socio-economic and demographic development; satisfaction of the needs of the country’s economy in the human resources of the proper quality and in sufficient quantity; reduction of population losses due to emigration; protection of rights and interests of Ukrainian migrants abroad, development of close ties with them, use of the potential of diasporas in the interests of Ukraine’s development; the return of migrant workers, the creation of attractive conditions for the use of their currency savings in small and medium-sized enterprises, agriculture, housing construction, etc.; promotion of the repatriation of ethnic Ukrainians and their descendants, who come from other nationalities in Ukraine, that is, close to the language and culture of the population; a metered expansion of the admission of certain categories of economic immigrants on a temporary basis, the development of mechanisms that would enable, in accordance with certain criteria, the conversion of their temporary status into permanent; the attraction and effective use of private money transfers sent by migrants; adaptation of foreign migrants to socio-economic conditions in Ukraine, prevention of racism and xenophobia) are specified. Positive and negative effects of money transfers of migrants to Ukraine are presented. It is substantiated that the use of electronic payment systems (PayPal, WebMoney) will be an effective tool for reducing the cost of transfer. The experience of Poland in the sphere of regulation of immigration flows has been analyzed and it has been shown that its migration policy after the entry into the EU was aimed at the active involvement of emigrants, primarily from Ukraine and Belarus. The complex of directions on regulation of international labor migration has been formed and the tools of their implementation have been developed. Conclusion. Improving the tools of the state migration policy in Ukraine lies in the implementation of a more stringent immigration policy; attraction of labor migrants ready to invest in the economy of the country and foreign students on a paid basis; increasing the level of adaptation of international immigrants; the reduction of emigration (especially young people), the attraction of private money transfers and their implementation into the economy of Ukraine and the regulation of foreign employment of Ukrainian citizens.