Імагологічні особливості художньої прози та публіцистики Джона Стейнбека

Abstract

АНОТАЦІЇ Ничко О.Я. Імагологічні особливості художньої прози та публіцистики Джона Стейнбека. – Рукопис. Дисертація на здобуття наукового ступеня кандидата філологічних наук за спеціальністю 10.01.05 – порівняльне літературознавство. – Тернопільський національний педагогічний університет імені Володимира Гнатюка, Тернопіль, 2008. У дисертації відтворені імагологічні особливості художньої прози та публіцистики Дж. Стейнбека. Зреконструйовано автообраз американця, гетерообрази італійця, француза та слов′янських народів, які зіставляються з їхніми відповідними автообразами. Порівнюються іміджі журналістського "факту" з іміджами письменницького "вимислу"; простежуються зміцнення / руйнування усталених стереотипів та виявляються співвідношення СВОГО, ІНШОГО і ЧУЖОГО у творчій свідомості Стейнбека. Ключові слова: образ-імідж, імагологія, автостереотип / гетеростереотип, ІНШИЙ, література факту, національна ідентичність, характеризація, психоменталітет нації, матеріальна культура, імагологічна перспектива.

SUMMARY Nychko O. Imagological peculiarities of fiction and publicism of John Steinbeck. –Manuscript. The Thesis for the Degree of Candidate of Philology in Speciality 10.01.05 – Comparative Literature. – Ternopil National Pedagogical University named after Volodymyr Hnatyuk. – Ternopil, 2008. Dissertation recreates imagological peculiarities of fiction and publicism of John Steinbeck. The auto-image of the American, heteroimages of the Italian, of the French and that of Slav are reconstructed. The stated images are juxtaposed to their corresponding auto-images. The Steinbeck’s non-fiction images and fiction ones of the investigated nations are compared. Strengthening and destruction of the fixed stereotypes are traced. Consequently, Steinbeck’s journalistic consciousness reveals correlation of the other. The thesis convinces of imagological orientation of Steinbeck’s writer’s consciousness. On one hand, he takes an immense interest in his country and its people, particularly, in their auto-image. Despite the fact that America (E Pluribus Unum) is a multicultural nation with diverse cultural and ethnical codes, the writer manages to view the past of his native land with objective and critical eye. Steinbeck intently observes the core of the American, makes apparent specific and unique traits that differentiate his compatriots from Italians, French, Russians and Ukrainians and other nations with which he came into contact as a war and civil journalist, as a Nobel laureate on literature and simply as a common observer of the other. The writer tries to overcome a complex task: to unite pluribus and unum and finally to retrieve precisely American distinctive features. On the other hand, the author’s restive, fidgety nature incites him to identify deeply and better the other, mainly the Italians, the French, and the Slavs. These are the nations are commonly encountered both in his fiction and publicism. Having tremendous foreign trip experience, being an observant publicist and peery writer with an exceptional experience of portraying his “native and foreign soul”, Steinbeck had a unique opportunity to accomplish imagological analysis. His intent regard, tenacious mind, neat remark, frequent foreign trips and coming back home, surely, favoured him to juxtapose, to compare and single out the things. Describing this or that nation, creating ethnic images, Steinbeck often refers to auto-image of the American comparing, juxtaposing it with the other reveals the common and the distinct. Such a permanent juxtaposition coupled with author’s journalism and fiction endowments brings unforeseen results: an American writer “tests” fixed stereotypes in his works, refutes and strengthens some of them, and completely destructs the others, creates the new ones. Thus, John Steinbeck’s consciousness shapes the synthetic auto (the American) and hetero image (the Italian, the French, and the Slav). Key words: image, imagology, auto-image, hetero-image, the other (l’autre, l’étranger ), non-fiction, national identity, characterization, psychomentality of nation, material culture, imagological prospect