Поняття та структура екологічного обовʼязку

Abstract

Розкрито актуальність та значущість приділення належної уваги дослідженню поняття та структури екологічного обов’язку. Проаналізовано наукові точки зору стосовно поняття та структури екологічного обов’язку, виділено основні характеристики та особливості екологічних обов’язків. Досліджено основні концептуальні підходи до розкриття змісту екологічного юридичного обов’язку. Розвиваючи погляди науковців, визначено принципи на яких ґрунтуються екологічні обов’язки. Environmental duty is a way of enforcing environmental rights, where their effectiveness is conditional on reality. If environmental law is the sphere of power and will of the individual, then environmental duty is the sphere of necessity and subordination. It is important that the environmental responsibilities are assigned to the obligated person, who must choose one of the legally prescribed options. She must take certain actions or refrain from them. Legal obligations must be exercised within or outside the legal relationship. Within the legal relationship, the legal obligation is subject to specification: the authorized party is determined, the object is defined, the content and limits of the behavior of the obligated person are specified. A feature of environmental responsibilities is their predominant implementation outside the legal relationship. Thus, legal obligations are based on the principles of priority of public interest over individual. This is manifested as follows: 1) sometimes the participants of ecological and legal relations are not free to impose legal obligations on them and determine their scope; 2) legal obligations are defined by law and do not provide for regulation by the participants of environmental legal relations; 3) the model of correct behavior is formed not by the bearers of legal obligations, but by the state in the person of authorized subjects of public authority; 4) fulfillment of a legal obligation in the field of environmental law is carried out with the help of an imperative nature, the provision of force of state coercion, the focus on achieving the common good; 5) bearers of environmental obligations are not free to choose to perform them, the state controls the implementation of legal obligations in the field of environmental rights. Failure to do so leads to bringing the violator to justice; 6) if in private law the decision on whether to bring the violator to justice for failure to fulfill a legal obligation depends almost entirely on the opinion of the other party, in environmental law the issue of prosecution and the magnitude of this responsibility is decided by the commissioners. bodies within their powers; 7) there are rights in environmental legislation that are considered as responsibilities.