Кримінально-правова характеристика камкордингу

Abstract

Стаття присвячена кримінально-правовій характеристиці камкордингу як однієї з форм, у якій може вчинятися злочин, передбачений ст.176 Кримінального кодексу України «Порушення авторського права і суміжних прав». Розглянуто передумови криміналізації камкордингу як різновиду інтелектуального піратства. З’ясовано основні об’єктивні та суб’єктивні ознаки складу даного злочину, а також проблеми, які виникають у зв’язку з його кваліфікацією. The study is devoted to the criminal description of camcording as one of the form in which the crime “The copyright and related rights violations” (Article 176 of Criminal Code of Ukraine) could be committed. The state of the study of the criminal characterization of the camcording components, is detected. The components of camcording (object of the crime components, objective party, subject of crime components and it’s subjective aspects) are analyzed. It is concluded that the object of the crime components, provided in Art. 176 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine is the legal relationship which is formed in the process of realization of the right of intellectual property. It is emphasized that the objective side of that crime is the video recording of the audiovisual work during its public demonstration in cinemas or other establishment institutions for any purpose without the permission of the copyright or related rights holders. It should be noted that the construction of the objective side of Part 1 of Art. 176 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine belongs to the material corpus delicti of the criminal offence and it provides the occurrence of socially dangerous consequences in the form of significant material damage. The subject of camcording may be an individual, who has reached a certain minimum age, established by the legislation. An analysis of legal literature has allowed to conclude, that camcording can not be committed carelessly, but only intentionally (with direct intent). It is noted that qualifying features of crimes provided in Art. 176 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine committing a crime repeatedly committing a crime that has caused material damage to a large extent (Part 2 of Art. 176), committing a crime by official using the official position, committing an offense by an organized group, committing a crime that has caused material damage in especially large scale (Part 3 of Art.176 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine). The problems of qualification of camcording are identified and the directions of improvement of the legislation which regulates criminal responsibility for offenses that encroach on intellectual property are outlined.