Права людини: зміна клімату та примусове переміщення

Abstract

У статті розглянуто примусове переміщення як один із найбільш руйнівних наслідків змін клімату, для людей і що свідчить про глибоку нерівність у нашому світі. Зазначається, що зміна клімату є визначальною кризою нашого часу, і її наслідки непропорційно впливають на людей, які перебувають у вразливих ситуаціях, наприклад ті, хто втік від війни та переслідування. Охарактеризовано перешкоди, що впливають на примусове повернення людей. Розглянуто та проаналізовано специфіку правового захисту кліматично переміщених осіб та запропоновані ознаки, за якими дані особи можуть такими вважатися. Forced displacement is one of the most devastating effects of climate change on people and a sign of deep inequality in our world. Climate change is a defining crisis of our time, and its effects are disproportionately affecting people in vulnerable situations, such as those who have fled war and persecution.

In 2020 alone, more than 30 million displacements were caused by environmental catastrophes in the world. Most displaced persons remain within their home country. We believe that without proper response to climate change, more than 200 million people could be displaced by 2050. And this in turn will lead to an even higher level of statelessness, the number of refugees and internally displaced persons. European countries are actively working to address environmental migration. Prerequisites for this are climate change and various emergencies of both man-made and natural origin, which lead to the growth of migration processes and an increase in the number of environmental migrants.

However, due to the escalation of environmental migration, there is no strategy at international and national level to ensure the rights of environmental migrants. It is seen that it is within the framework of scientific cooperation that it is possible to draw attention to the problems of ecological migration and improve its solutions.

Therefore, first of all, it is important to develop a strategy at the doctrinal level to address the problems caused by environmental migration and to improve the interaction of national and international institutions in the field of protection of the rights of environmental migrants. In addition, the development of a strategy for managing environmental migration at the regulatory level will create a basis for the formation of a standard of environmental migrant rights as a vulnerable category of the population.

The development of relevant materials will be useful for legislators (in the process of improving legislation in the field of migration in general and environmental migration in particular), practitioners (persons who by virtue of their official duties interact with environmental migrants).