Економічна безпека діяльності суб'єктів господарювання : методологія оцінки та механізми забезпечення

Abstract

У роботі обґрунтовано та розвинуто теоретичні, методологічні, організаційні та прикладні положення щодо забезпечення економічної безпеки підприємств в умовах конкурентного середовища. Удосконалено класифікацію методів досягнення економічної безпеки суб’єктів господарювання. Запропоновано алгоритм оцінки рівня економічної безпеки суб’єкта господарювання, який дає можливість визначення інтегрального показника рівня економічної безпеки і прийняття управлінських рішень щодо застосування засобів захисту та подальшої розробки прикладного програмного забезпечення для автоматизації відповідних процедур. Удосконалено класифікацію економіко-математичних методів, що дозволило обґрунтувати доцільність їх використання для дослідження внутрішньої структури, характеристик, можливих реакцій системи економічної безпеки. Розвинуто принципи економіко-математичного моделювання (системності, інформаційної об’єктивності та достовірності, конкретності і достатності, інваріантності, наступності та ефективності), для досягнення сумісності моделі процесу забезпечення економічної безпеки суб’єкта підприємництва з іншими економіко-математичними моделями. Запропоновано алгоритм побудови математичної моделі економічної безпеки суб’єкта господарювання на основі інфологічного методичного підходу з використанням семантичної мережі на етапі вибору значимих показників, що дозволив спростити та логічно обґрунтувати процедуру визначення їх оптимального складу. Обґрунтовано соціальну спрямованість процесу забезпечення економічної безпеки підприємництва у постіндустріальній парадигмі, де суспільство є головним джерелом соціально-економічного прогресу, а його розвиток – пріоритетом національної і міжнародної політики. The work substantiates and develops theoretical, methodological, organizational and applied provisions for ensuring the economic security of enterprises in a competitive environment. The results obtained during the study gave grounds to argue that the main disadvantage of all approaches to the definition of economic security of the entity is the blurring of the specific differences between the economic security of the enterprise from other components of its overall security. Therefore, to define the economic security of the enterprise it is necessary to clarify the factors that threaten the economic condition of the business entity, to determine the main (again - economic) aspects of its business. In the dissertation economic security is defined as a situation stably predicted in time, which has developed as a result of production reproduction of an economic entity, characterization of its ability as a market participant to perform necessary and socially useful functions, use ways and opportunities to realize own business interests. missions and tasks of the available amounts of their economic resources in a competitive environment under the influence of external and internal factors. The given definition of economic security of an economic entity as a scientific category opens the possibility for a clearer understanding of its specific differences from other components of general security, allows to distinguish its components from the general set, specify tasks, goals, formulate principles and directions of support. This definition, in contrast to the existing ones, takes into account the possibility of planning and regulating the level of economic security and the prevalence of public utility over the maximum profit for the purpose of economic activity. The given definition of economic security of an economic entity as a scientific category opens the possibility for a clearer understanding of its specific differences from other components of general security, allows to distinguish its components from the general set, specify tasks, goals, formulate principles and directions of support. This definition, in contrast to the existing ones, takes into account the possibility of planning and regulating the level of economic security and the prevalence of public utility over the maximum profit for the purpose of economic activity. The given definition of economic security of an economic entity as a scientific category opens the possibility for a clearer understanding of its specific differences from other components of general security, allows to distinguish its components from the general set, specify tasks, goals, formulate principles and directions of support. This definition, in contrast to the existing ones, takes into account the possibility of planning and regulating the level of economic security and the prevalence of public utility over the maximum profit for the purpose of economic activity. An algorithm for building a mathematical model of business entity economic security based on an infographic methodological approach using the semantic network at the stage of selecting significant indicators, which simplifies and logically justifies the procedure for determining their optimal composition. It is determined that the counteraction to risk and economic security leads to an increasingly sharp contradiction and ends with a change in the financial condition of the object. This allows to get a scientific idea of the conditions and market participants interaction mechanisms and objects in the course of their operation and development. The social orientation of the process of ensuring entrepreneurship economic security in the post industrial paradigm, where society is the main source of socio -economic progress, and its development being a priority of national and international policy. Theoretical principles of business entities economic security management have been improved, in particular, the economic security system has been defined as a tool of the business entity, which has made it possible to clearly define the list and co ntent of its main functions in the management process. The classification of methods for achieving economic security of economic entities has been improved. An algorithm for assessing the business entity economic security level is proposed, which makes it possible to determine an integrated indicator of the economic security level and make management decisions on protection use and further development of application software to automate relevant procedures. The classification of economic and mathematical methods has been improved, which has allowed to substantiate the expediency of their use for the study of the internal structure, characteristics, possible economic security system reactions. The principles of economic-mathematical modeling (systematization, information objectivity and reliability, specificity, sufficiency, invariance, continuity and efficiency) have been developed to achieve compatibility of business entity economic security model with other economic mathematical models. A study of the main aspects of the formation and development of economic security methodology, which made it possible to ensure analytical comparability of approaches to its provision, to treat economic security as the most important characteristic of the economic situation, and to consider its achievement as one of the main tasks. An algorithm for assessing the business entity economic security level is proposed, which makes it possible to determine an integrated level indicator of economic security and make management decisi ons on the protection use and further application software development to automate relevant procedures. Determining the impact of risk on economic security has made it possible to establish causal links between risk and economic security and to determine t he presence of direct feedback between them. The principles of economic and mathematical modeling are determined, which ensures the model compatibility process of ensuring business entity economic security with other economic and mathematical models. The study of the main threats to business activities has increased the process efficiency of ensuring business entities economic security. Clarification of the essence of motivational, organizational, supporting, control and anti -crisis management processes, which are initiated by the mechanism of enterprise economic security allowed to determine the place of economic security in the overall management process. A methodical approach to determining the integrated index of innovative resources management of economic security. The study of foreign experience in the effective management of the process of business entities economic security in a market environment has identified the possibility of its implementation in accordance with national development priorities.