Адміністративно-правове забезпечення кадрової роботи в судовій системі України

Abstract

Дисертація є одним із перших у вітчизняній юридичній науці комплексним монографічним дослідженням концептуальних засад адміністративно-правового забезпечення кадрової роботи в судовій системі України. У ній: охарактеризовано ретроспективу адміністративно-правового забезпечення кадрових процедур судової системи у незалежній Україні; розглянуто закордонний досвід здійснення кадрової роботи в галузі судочинства; охарактеризовано правове регулювання кадрової роботи в судовій системі; визначено функції та принципи кадрової роботи; здійснено характеристику формування адміністративно-правових засад оцінювання ефективності діяльності суддів та працівників суду; проаналізовано систему адміністративних процедур добору кадрів до судової системи України; сформовано систему професійних вимог до суддівської професії; охарактеризовано конкурсний відбір як особливу форму адміністративної процедури та елементу судової реформи; розкрито дисциплінарна практику 35щодо суддів як форму кадрової роботи; здійснено системний аналіз кадрових процесів в органах суддівського врядування та самоврядування, а також апаратах судів; надано характеристику адміністративно-правовому забезпеченню професійної підготовки суддів; визначено особливості державної служби в судовій системі. У роботі уперше: історію становлення кадрового забезпечення судової системи України розглянуто крізь призму етапів (виділено сім) її реформування від здобуття Україною незалежності й донині, оскільки саме через реформи, що є загальновідомим, відбувається перебудова усталених процесів, у тому числі й у здійсненні адміністративно-правового забезпечення кадрових процедур судової системи; під принципами кадрової роботи судів запропоновано розуміти зумовлені об’єктивним розвитком суспільних відносин, закріплені у нормативно-правових актах беззаперечні вимоги, які відображають сутність кадрового забезпечення судів, визначають його форми й методи, покликані реалізувати судами функції держави, що виражаються у здійсненні правосуддя, захисті прав, свобод людини й громадянина; за результатами аналізу доктринальних підходів до поняття «оцінювання діяльності» установлено, що воно характеризується поліваріантністю підходів до його тлумачення науковцями, у зв’язку із чим запропоновано тлумачити дефініцію «оцінювання діяльності» як процедуру щодо визначення відповідності виконаних конкретним працівником завдань та їх якості до попередньо установлених критеріїв оцінювання показників тощо; зроблено висновок про те, що система вимог до суддівської професії має засновуватись на професіограмі судді (описі системи основних елементів повсякденної діяльності судді на посаді), вимогах міжнародних стандартів щодо здійснення правосуддя, нормах національного законодавства, а також нормах-регуляторах, розроблених органами суддівського самоврядування досягнення завдань та реалізації їхніх функцій. The dissertation is one of the first in domestic legal science complex monographic research of conceptual bases of administrative and legal maintenance of personnel work in judicial system of Ukraine. It: describes the retrospective of administrative and legal support of personnel procedures of the judicial system in independent Ukraine; the foreign experience of personnel work in the field of justice is considered; the legal regulation of personnel work in the judicial system is characterized; functions and principles of personnel work are defined; the characteristic of formation of administrative and legal bases of an estimation of efficiency of activity of judges and court employees is carried out; the system of administrative procedures of personnel selection to the judicial system of Ukrai ne is analyzed; a system of professional requirements for the judicial profession has been formed; competitive selection is characterized as a special form of administrative procedure and an element of judicial reform; disciplinary practice regarding judges as a form of personnel work is revealed; a systematic analysis of personnel processes in the bodies of judicial governance and self -government, as well as court staff; the characteristic of administrative and legal maintenance of professional training of judges is given; the peculiarities of the civil service in the judicial system are determined. It is determined that the concept of "personnel procedures" is primarily a decision that is reflected in the relevant documents of organizational or administrative 38nature, and so on. Since personnel procedures cover a number of decisions from selection to dismissal, this study proposes to focus on the retrospective implementation, in fact, selection as the main personnel procedure and some others, such as: appointment, certification, setting qualification classes, dismissal. To consider the retrospective of administrative and legal support of personnel procedures of the judicial system, an analysis of the main legal and regulatory acts, which became decisive for the introduction of appropriate changes. According to the results of the analysis of a number of normative legal and legal acts, it has been stated that during the entire period of reform, from 1992 until now, both the judiciary in general and the administrative and legal support of personnel procedures in particular have undergone significant changes. It is emphasized that during all stages of the reform of the judicial system, changes to the administrative and legal support of personnel procedures of the judicial system were scattered in various regulations and legal acts. It is stated that staffing procedures and their administrative and legal support should be clearly defined at the level of law and be transparent and open.Legal regulation of personnel work in the judiciary can be defined as a system of regulations of different legal force and localization of influence, which determine a set of administrative procedures aimed at regulating personnel processes (formation of the judiciary, functioning of various categories of court staff, work to improve professional level, etc.), on the effectiveness of which depends the quality of the organization of the court as a management structure, and ultimately – the quality of justice in Ukraine. The functions of personnel work in the judicial system include: recruitment, ie staffing of judicial bodies with highly qualified specialists; analysis of the state of work on the selection, placement, strengthening and retention of professional staff; planning the needs of the judiciary; the organization of the work of the court is that it forms the structure of the judicial institution; control is the process of ensuring the achievement of the goals of the organization, which is necessary to clarify and solve personnel problems. The principles of personnel work of courts are conditioned by objective development of public relations, indisputable requirements enshrined in normativelegal acts, which reflect the essence of personnel support of courts, define its forms and methods called by courts to realize functions of the state expressed in administration of justice, freedoms of man and citizen. It is proposed to divide the principles of personnel work of courts into: 1) general principles – these are those that are the coordinate system within which legal phenomena operate in the state and are based on general principles of law, 39 2) general management – on which management is based, 3) specially -management – on which personnel work is based. The selection of personnel for the judicial system of Ukraine is proposed to be interpreted as a system of administrative procedures for the recruitment, selection and appointment of judges, which, in turn, have normatively defined components and the procedure for their implementation. It is proposed to define the terms "competition" and "competitive selection" to fill the vacant position of a judge: a competition is a competition, the conditions and procedure of which are regulated by the relevant provisions of current legislation; competitive selection to fill a vacant position of a judge is one of the stages of the procedure for selection and appointment to a vacant position of a judge, the conditions and procedure of which are regulated by the relevant provisions of current legislation. The main administrative procedures during recruitment include: announcement of the recruitment of candidates for the position of a judge, which is reflected in the decision of the High Qualifications Commission of Judges of Ukraine, which is published on its official web portal; submission of relevant documents to the High Qualification Commission of Judges of Ukraine by persons who have expressed their intention to become a judge, in accordance with the established forms, and verification of such persons for compliance with the requirements for the position of a judge on the basis of submitted documents; decision-making by the High Qualification Commission of Judges of Ukraine on the admission of persons to participate in the selection and passing of the selection exam. The main administrative procedures during the selection of personnel include: conducting a selection exam; conducting a special inspection; passing special training and obtaining a certificate of its passage; passing the qualifying exam and establishing its results; announcing a competition to fill vacant judicial positions in local courts and holding it, as well as making a recommendation to the High Council of Justice on the appointment of a candidate for the position of a judge. The main administrative procedures for appointing staff include the adoption by the High Council of Justice of a decision on a candidate for the position of a judge and the issuance of a decree of the President of Ukraine on the appointment of a judge (if the High Council of Justice submits an application for the appointment of a judge). An important element of compliance with the judicial profession is the constant support and improvement of the professional level. This requirement is implemented through basic professional training of judges and the implementation of professional development programs at various stages of the judicial career. The key approach to 40the quality of professional training of judges is the practical direction of education of judges of Ukraine. The system of personal requirements for the judicial profession is a generalization of the personal portrait of each judge. The author's vision is close to those scholars who abandon a clear list of personal requirements that are unique to each individual. However, the range of groups of personal traits of judges that are taken into account when assessing the competence and suitability of individuals to become judges and work in judicial positions, it is appropriate to consider taking into account such traits as: organizational skills and ability to cooperate; quality speech, legal writing skills, logic and professional analysis; group of personal characteristics of a judge's high reputation: honesty; decency; justice, etc; professional psychological skills such as empathy, active listening and recognition of the true motives of the individual, the focus on reconciliation and compromise, stress. The judiciary plays an equally important role in the administration of justice than judges. Organizational, service, technical and methodological support of court staff is an integral part not only of the procedure for resolving the case on the merits, but also providing other equally important functions in the judiciary, including information, documentation, communication, etc. Personnel processes in the staff of judges are an integral part of personnel management in the judiciary. The legal status of a civil servant in the judiciary is a set of statutory functions, powers, rights and responsibilities, legal restrictions, ethical standards in conjunction with the grounds and procedure for their legal personality, as well as legal liability in the analyzed area. The object of administrative and legal support for the professional training of judges is to increase (improve) the individual qualities, abilities and skills of judges (candidates for judges) to administer justice.