Адміністративно-правові проблеми фінансування університетів

Abstract

Досліджено закономірності становлення і розвитку системи фінансового забезпечення функціонування університетів як центрального елемента системи закладів вищої освіти університетського рівня. Фінансування університетів розглядається, як елемент забезпечення їх функціонування і в розрізі двох його форм: публічного та приватного. Проаналізовано зарубіжний та український досвід правового регулювання фінансування університетів, зокрема започатковані в 2020 р. новели фінансування вітчизняних закладів вищої освіти університетського рівня. The article is devoted to the study of patterns of formation and development of the system of financial support for the functioning of universities as a central element of the system of higher education institutions at the university level and to determine on this basis the relevant tendencies and problems. It is noted that the issue of retaining universities, providing their financial and logistical needs has been urgent since their emergence as a public institute, and it remains so today. In particular, the relevant issues are characterized in Ukraine. The principles of public financing of domestic universities have recently undergone significant changes, which have already started to be implemented since 2020. In the world, public funding for higher education institutions is through the prism of implementing appropriate public policy. Public funding for higher education is provided through national and local budgets. World practice has a diversity of funding models for universities. Based on the analysis, they can be broadly divided into two types, depending on the source of funding: public (state and municipal) and private. The financial models used in the practice of European universities take into account the effectiveness of the university’s activities, but they differ depending on the type of activity of the university, for example, some financial models are used for training and others for research activities. Regarding Ukraine, there is reason to note the general trends in the development of the countries with economies in transition, in view of the fact that the government (the state) remains the main source of funding for higher education, while the decrease of the state budget for financing the education of students is evident. training, development of new programs and investment in research. A dramatic change in the mechanism of public funding of Ukrainian universities began in late 2019, when the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine significantly changed the approach to financing higher education. These changes are envisaged in the Concept of Reforming Financing and Management of Higher Education Institutions. In general, it should be noted that the search for and development of an effective university funding model should take into account all the activities of the university and be based on efficiency, transparency and autonomy. This should, in turn, increase the accountability of all participants in the educational process and enable the use of limited financial resources.