Забезпечення правопорядку в збройних силах України : адміністративно-правові аспекти

Abstract

Дисертація є одним із перших у вітчизняній юридичній науці комплексним дослідженням адміністративно-правового забезпечення функціонування органів правопорядку в Збройних Силах України. У роботі розглянуто: сутність поняття «правоохоронні органи» та «органи правопорядку», правовий статус органів правопорядку Збройних Сил в структурі правоохоронної системи України; історико-правові передумови формування органів правопорядку у Збройних Силах України; нормативно-правові засади функціонування, компетенцію, завдання і функції Військової служби правопорядку у Збройних Силах України; організаційно-правові особливості забезпечення правопорядку у Збройних Силах України; правове регулювання міжнародного співробітництва України щодо забезпечення правопорядку у військовій сфері; упровадження міжнародного досвіду організації правопорядку у Збройних Силах України. Надано пропозиції щодо нормативно-правового та організаційно-правового вдосконалення діяльності органів правопорядку Збройних Сил України. У роботі знайшов підтвердження висновок про те, що одним з суб’єктів правоохоронної діяльності та забезпечення дотримання правопорядку є органи військового правопорядку, представлені, зокрема, Військовою службою правопорядку у Збройних Силах України. Цей підрозділ розглядається як спеціальне правоохоронне формування, призначене для забезпечення правопорядку і військової дисципліни серед військовослужбовців Збройних Сил України, що є елементом підсистеми органів правопорядку в системі 18 правоохоронних органів України і наділений спеціальним організаційно-правовим статусом. The dissertation is one of the first in domestic legal science complex research of administrative and legal maintenance of functioning of law enforcement agencies in the Armed Forces of Ukraine. The paper considers: the essence of the concept of «law enforcement agencies» and «legal order agencies», the legal status of legal order agencies of the Armed Forces in the structure of the law enforcement system of Ukraine; historical and legal preconditions for the formation of legal order agencies in the Armed Forces of Ukraine; normative and legal bases of functioning, competence, tasks and functions of the Military Law Enforcement Service in the Armed Forces of Ukraine; organizational and legal features of ensuring law and order in the Armed Forces of Ukraine; legal regulation of international cooperation of Ukraine to ensure legal order in the military sphere; introduction of international experience in law enforcement in the Armed Forces of Ukraine. Proposals on normative-legal and organizational-legal improvement of activity of law-enforcement bodies of the Armed Forces of Ukraine are given. The paper confirms the conclusion that one of the subjects of law enforcement and ensuring legal order is the military legal order agencies, represented, in particular, by the Military Law Enforcement Service in the Armed Forces of Ukraine. This unit is considered as a special law enforcement formation designed to ensure legal order and military discipline among servicemen of the Armed F orces of Ukraine, which is an element of the legal order subsystem in the law enforcement system of Ukraine and endowed with a special organizational and legal status. The special status of the formation is subordination to military structures and priority membership in the system of the Armed Forces of Ukraine. During the long historical path of evolution on the territory of modern Ukraine of military law enforcement agencies in the XIX century. formed objective conditions for the creation and legislative regulation of special law enforcement army units. We are talking about the troops of the internal guard, organized like a gendarmerie. We continue the tradition of forming a military gendarmerie during the revolutionary struggle for the restoration of statehood in 1917–1920, in particular, in the activities of the UPR and ZUNR fruit bodies. During the Soviet period, the task of maintaining law and order in the Armed Forces was performed by military commandant’s offices in garrisons. Only during the period o f independence in Ukraine began the formation of a full-fledged system of law enforcement agencies in the Armed Forces, primarily the Military Law Enforcement Service. The military law enforcement service may apply the administrative measures of control, persuasion and coercion provided by its powers, apply to other state bodies and courts, which will ensure the fulfillment of the relevant duties. In its work, 20 it interacts with the legal service of the Ministry of Defen сe of Ukraine. However, the current legislation deprives it of the right to conduct a pre-trial investigation of criminal administrative offenses and offenses, which in the conditions of liquidation of the military prosecutor’s office significantly reduces the efficiency and prompt investigation of war crimes by the current law enforcement system. At the legislative level in Ukraine, work is underway to grant the Military Law Enforcement Service the status of a military police. The fundamental difference in status between these formations should be the granting of additional powers to the military police, in particular, to perform investigative and operational-investigative functions, pre-trial investigation of corruption crimes committed by officials and leaders of the Armed Forces of Ukraine i n the performance of their duties or at military facilities. It is necessary to clarify the competence and powers of the law enforcement unit in the Armed Forces of Ukraine, improve the administrative and legal framework for regulating activities, etc. Proposals for the creation of a three-tier structure of military courts (first, appellate and cassation instances) as a system of specialized courts in the judicial system of Ukraine for resolving criminal and administrative cases, consideration of cases of administrative offenses of servicemen. Legal regulation of international cooperation of Ukraine in ensuring law and order in the military sphere is defined as a system of regulations and administrative legal mechanisms that comprehensively regulate the procedures for cooperation of the Armed Forces of Ukraine with relevant bodies of other states, international organizations to achieve common law and order goals in military sphere. The paper analyzes the implementation of international experience in law enforcement in the Armed Forces. Due to the existing legal framework and departmental regulation, the Ministry of Defence and the Armed Forces of Ukraine can consistently and effectively cooperate with relevant bodies of other states, international organizations in order to achieve common goals to ensure law and order in the military sphere.