Участь неповнолітніх у цивільному процесі

Abstract

Досліджено питання участі неповнолітніх у цивільному процесі. На підставі проведеного дослідження зроблено висновок, що участь неповнолітніх у цивільному процесі, як і в українському законодавстві, так і в міжнародному має дуже специфічний характер. Це пояснюється тим, що до них, з одного боку, застосовують аналогічне законодавство, як до повнолітніх осіб, а з іншого – суд враховує їхній особливий статус, на підставі чого приймає рішення щодо необхідності залучення законного представника або його заміни. Проаналізувавши всі аспекти участі неповнолітніх у цивільному процесі, зроблено висновок, що для повної реалізації права на захист неповнолітня особа має бути повноправним учасником цивільного судочинства, наділеним відповідними процесуальними правами та обов’язками для захисту свого права в межах дієздатності. The article is devoted to the study of the issue of the participation of minors in the civil process. On the basis of the conducted research, it was concluded that the participation of minors in the civil process, both in Ukrainian and international legislation, has a very specific character. This is explained by the fact that, on the one hand, similar legislation is applied to them as to adults, on the other hand, the court takes into account their special status, on the basis of which it makes a decision on the need to involve a legal representative or replace him. Having analyzed all aspects of the participation of minors in the civil process, it was concluded that in order to fully exercise the right to defense, a minor must act as a full-fledged participant in civil proceedings, endowed with the appropriate procedural rights and obligations to protect his right within the limits of legal capacity. Civil and civil-procedural legal entities are closely related to each other, which reflects the dialectical relationship between substantive and procedural law. Subjects of civil procedural law are endowed with procedural legal capacity, which gives them the opportunity to protect their own rights and interests. Persons with incomplete civil legal capacity must also be able to apply to the court for protection, and therefore, they must be given the status of a civil procedural legal entity, which will enable them to restore violated rights or demand their recognition. Analysis of recent research and publications. The question of the participation of minors in the civil process was studied by foreign and domestic scientists, in particular: L. Sapeyko, D. Ionova, Yu. Vasylyk, Yu. Derbakova, M. Agarkov, V. Spivak, Z. Romovska, J. Van Buren and others . However, the meaning of the participation of minors in the civil process is still not clearly defined, in particular due to the current legislation. The purpose of this study is to study the status of minors, the conditions and grounds for participation in civil- law relations in both national and foreign legislation.Therefore, the following issues should be resolved: determine who, according to the norms of current legislation, belongs to the category of minors; determine the specific circumstances under which their civil procedural capacity and legal capacity arise; understand the extent of their rights and responsibilities. Thus, the participation of minors in the civil process, both in Ukrainian and international legislation, has a very specific character. This is explained by the fact that, on the one hand, similar legislation is applied to them as to adults, on the other hand, the court takes into account their special status, on the basis of which it makes a decision on the need to involve a legal representative or replace him. Having analyzed all aspects of the participation of minors in the civil process, it can be concluded that in order to fully exercise the right to defense, a minor must act as a full-fledged participant in civil proceedings, endowed with the appropriate procedural rights and obligations to protect his right within the limits of legal capacity.