Окремі аспекти дослідження феномена незаконного збагачення в Україні

Abstract

Досліджено особливості трактування в законодавстві України процесу незаконного набуття у власність посадовою особою активів, вартість яких перевищує її законні доходи, походження яких вона не може раціонально обґрунтувати. Розглянуто доцільність віднесення терміну “незаконне збагачення”, як складової до сукупності термінології кримінального кодексу та різновиду кримінального правопорушення. Зроблено аспектний наголос на причини, які спонукають посадових осіб до незаконного збагачення. Присвячено значну увагу окремим проблемним моментам пов’язаним з удосконаленням кримінальної відповідальності за незаконне збагачення та удосконалення елементів інституту незаконного збагачення. The article examines the interpretation peculiarities of the illicit enrichment in Ukrainian legislation, one of the most common crimes in modern criminology in many countries of the world, but due to its volatility, it is difficult to identify, and therefore, for the prevention of the crime, it is necessary to develop the comprehensive approach with the using of legislative instruments in combination with management tools. Due to the high level of possibility to cover this type of crime up, it is necessary to apply not only for methods of combating illicit enrichment, but also to minimize the reasons that act as the incentive to commit it. The study emphasizes the definition of the term illicit enrichment as the illegal acquisition by an official of assets whose value exceeds legitimate income, the origin of which could not be rationally justified, which has been amended and supplemented by wording throughout the process of its criminalization due to a number of discrepancies with the basic state law. The author identifies the signs by which this type of crime can be identified, namely, the presence of a preliminary intent, the increase in the value of tangible assets which does not correspond to official income, and the absence of the reasonable explanation of the origin of assets. The author considers the expediency of including this phenomenon as a component of the criminal code terminology and a type of criminal offense, as well as establishing a clear distinction between illicit enrichment and other types of corruption crimes. Considerable attention is paid to the choice of methods of punishment for the acquisition of assets whose value contradicts the legitimate income, as well as to certain problematic issues related to the improvement of criminal liability for illicit enrichment. In addition, the author has analyzed the results of the introduction of the institution of recognizing unjustified assets and their recovery into the State’s revenue as an effective means of returning illegally acquired assets and an effective way to counteract the illicit enrichment.