Відступлення права вимоги та переведення боргу у зобов’язаннях з множинністю осіб

Abstract

Досліджено окремі питання відступлення права вимоги та переведення боргу в зобов’язаннях з множинністю осіб. Зроблено висновок, що залежно від виду множинності осіб у зобов’язанні порядок відступлення права вимоги та переведення боргу має певні особливості. Запропоновано до відносин з відступлення права вимоги в активних часткових зобов’язаннях застосовувати за аналогією положення ч. 1 ст. 362 ЦК України, а в активних солідарних зобов’язаннях необхідно отримувати згоду всіх кредиторів. У разі заміни одного із солідарних боржників необхідно отримувати, крім згоди кредитора, згоду всіх боржників, що надалі гарантуватиме можливість пред’явлення до нього регресної вимоги. In the period of the obligation validity, the law allows the replacement of the parties to the obligation while maintaining the obligation itself. The norms of the Civil Code of Ukraine, which regulate the grounds and procedure for replacing the parties to an obligation, are focused on simple obligations involving one creditor and one debtor. The existence of a plurality of persons in the obligation determines certain features in the implementation of the replacement of the subject composition of the obligation. The objective of the article is to clarify the peculiarities of the application of constructions of assignment of the right of claim and the transfer of debt in obligations with a plurality of persons. It is concluded that the procedure for assignment of the right of claim and transfer of debt has certain features depending on the type of plurality of persons in the obligation. However, it was found that the replacement of the creditor in passive obligations with a plurality of persons, as well as the replacement of the debtor in active obligations with a plurality of persons do not cause special difficulties. It has been proposed in case of replacement of the creditor in active partial obligations to apply to the regulation of these relations by analogy with the provisions of Part 1 of Art. 362 of the Civil Code of Ukraine. When transferring a debt in a passive partial obligation, in order to avoid the negative consequences of its non-performance for the parties, it is necessary to obtain the consent of other debtors. It has been concluded that in case of claim assignment in an active joint and several obligation, it is necessary to obtain the consent of all creditors in order to ensure proper performance of the obligation, protection of creditors’ rights. With regard to the replacement of one of the debtors in the joint and several obligations, the author concluded that it is necessary to obtain, in addition to the consent of the creditor, the consent of all debtors to replace one of them. This, in turn, will guarantee the possibility of filing a recourse claim against the new debtor in the future. Claim assignment and transfer of debt in a subsidiary obligation is carried out in compliance with the general rules established by law, as well as taking into account the peculiarities of relations between the parties.