Загальна характеристика світових систем охорони здоров’я

Abstract

Проаналізовано основні погляди науковців на формування соціальної держави, соціального забезпечення. Наголошено на впливі категорії «здоров’я» на функціонування та розвиток держави. Визначено термін «охорона здоров’я» з позиції Всесвітньої організації охорони здоров’я. Проаналізовано поняття та визначено категорії, види соціального ризику. Виокремлено та проаналізовано види системи охорони здоров’я і визначено їхні позитивні та слабкі сторони. Акцентовано на їхній перспективності та частковості впровадження в медичну реформу України. The article analyzes the main views of scientists on the formation of the welfare state, social security. The influence of the category «health» on the functioning and development of the state is indicated. The concept of health care is defined from the standpoint of the World Health Organization. The concepts are analyzed and categories, types of social risk are defined. The types of health care system are identified and analyzed to identify their strengths and weaknesses. Emphasis is placed on their prospects and partial implementation in the medical reform of Ukraine. The domestic health care system ensures the realization of the right of citizens of Ukraine to health care, which includes, in particular: 1) standard of living, including food, clothing, housing, medical care and social services and provision necessary for maintaining health ‘I man; 2) safe for life and health environment; 3) sanitary and epidemiological well-being of the territory and settlement where the person lives; 4) safe and healthy working, studying, living and recreation conditions; 5) qualified medical care, including the free choice of a doctor, the choice of treatment methods in accordance with his recommendations and the health care institution; 6) reliable and timely information on the state of their health and the health of the population, including existing and possible risk factors and their degree; 7) participation in the discussion of draft legislative acts and making proposals for the formation of state policy in the field of health care; 8) participation in health care management and conducting public expertise on these issues in the manner prescribed by law; 9) the possibility of joining public organizations in order to promote health care; 10) legal protection against any illegal forms of discrimination related to health; 11) compensation for damage to health; 12) appeal against illegal decisions and actions of employees, institutions and health care bodies; 13) the possibility of conducting an independent medical examination in case of disagreement of the citizen with the conclusions of the state medical examination, application of compulsory treatment measures and in other cases when the actions of health care workers may limit generally recognized human and civil rights; 14) the right of a patient who is in inpatient treatment in a health care institution, to admit other health workers, family members, guardian, trustee, notary and lawyer, as well as a priest to worship and religious rites. Implementation of medical reform in Ukraine today has borrowed the best world practice in terms of implementing and ensuring the rights of patients and providing quality medical services. However, only the full implementation of all components of health care reform in Ukraine and its testing will sometimes make it possible to identify both strengths and weaknesses that will need to be improved.