Роль Великої Британії у формуванні механізмів європейської політичної інтеграції у 40-80 х рр. ХХ ст.: історико-правові аспекти

Abstract

Розглядається роль Великої Британії в процесах європейської політичної інтеграції у період 1940–1980-х років. Представлено витоки «особливої позиції» країни в системі європейської інтеграції, зокрема щодо участі в її політичній складовій (зовнішня політика і політика безпеки). Закцентовано увагу на становленні концептуальних засад новітньої політики Великої Британії щодо участі в європейській інтеграції. The article discusses the role of Great Britain in the European political integration in the period of 40 th – 80 th years of XX th century. Origins of the «special position» of the country in the system of European integration, in particular regarding participation in its political dimension (foreign and security policy) are presented. Attention on the development of conceptual basis of the UK’s modern policy regarding the participation in European integration. The author came to the conclusion that in the postwar years in London, setting the tone of political and military integration processes in Western Europe, under the weight of historical prejudice, political traditions and non-European foreign targets deliberately abandoned as their leader. This was one of the main reasons for stopping the establishment ofindependent European political actors who objectively couldn’t fully develop without substantial diplomatic and military resources of Great Britain. The subsequent course of history has shown that the neglect of regional integration opportunities in new international realities forced the British leadership in late to react to new trends in European policy, which is clearly not consistent with his leadership ambitions. Participation in the European Political Cooperation (EPC) as a first real project the current Union of States-parties to the European integration in the sphere of foreign policy used by governments countries as a mechanism to enhance its international influence. British ruling circles have developed a specific strategy of participation in European integration, were both stimulating and deterrent system of political cooperation of the States of the European community. The UK government supported the development of the ENP inter-state cooperative societies with limited institutional influence, attempted periodically to take the lead to reform it in accordance with their own vision of the development of the EEC and its international interests. London did not admit the possibility of entering the EPC beyond the functioning of the Atlantic security system, therefore, consistently opposed the provision of a mechanism of defense competencies. Developed a common strategy and the existing experience of participation of the UK in the European political integration in 1940 – 1980-x years has laid the necessary basis for the country’s participation in the development of a successor mechanism to the European Political Cooperation and the Common Foreign and Security Policy of the European Union.