Джерела сімейного права

Abstract

Дисертація є самостійною завершеною науковою роботою, яка присвячена дослідженню теоретико-правових та прикладних проблем джерел сімейного права. Виявлено найбільш дискусійні проблеми, що виникають у досліджуваній сфері та запропоновано конкретні шляхи їх вирішення з метою вдосконалення чинного законодавства і практики його застосування. У роботі досліджено поняття джерел сімейного права у теорії права та доктрині сімейного права, загальні та спеціальні ознаки джерел сімейного права, система джерел сімейного права, розкрито види джерел сімейного права за різними критеріями, генезис джерел сімейного права на українських землях, аргументовано використання синергетичного та інших методів при дослідженні правової природи джерел сімейного права. Розглянуто поняття, правову природу та види нормативно-правових актів, проаналізовано особливості закону, підзаконного нормативно-правового акта, конституції, Цивільного та Сімейного кодексів як джерел сімейного права, інших джерел, які містять державно-правові приписи: загальні засади регулювання сімейних відносин, інші принципи сімейного права, загальновизнані принципи та норми міжнародного права, міжнародні договори, правові акти Європейського Союзу. Особливу увагу присвячено дослідженню особливостей джерел сімейного права, які містять соціально-правові приписи, – правовий звичай, релігійні норми і договори у сімейному праві. Проаналізовано особливості джерел сімейного права, які містять правові позиції, такі як правова доктрина, правовий прецедент, правові позиції Конституційного Суду України та Верховного Суду, практика Європейського суду з прав людини. The investigation of the thesis is a qualification scientific paper. For the first time in the Ukrainian doctrine of private law it has been developed general theoretic provisions on liberalization of sources of Family Law in the conditions of contemporary legal understanding and European integration processes of Ukraine aimed at ensuring an effective mechanism of legal regulation of family relations and strengthening the family as a social institution and as a union of specific persons. The paper explores the concept of sources of family law in the theory of law and the doctrine of family law as well as general and special features of sources of family law, and system of sources of family law. It reveals types of sources of family law according to different criteria, genesis of sources of family law in Ukraine and gives reasons for the use of synergistic and other methods in the study of the legal nature of sources of family law. The concepts, legal nature and types of normative legal acts have been considered. It has also been analyzed the peculiarities of a law, bylaw, Constitution, Civil and Family Codes as sources of Family Law and other sources containing state legal regulations, in particular, general principles of regulation of family relations, other principles of Family 40 Law, generally recognized principles and norms of International Law, international treaties, legal acts of the European Union. It has been determined that the generally recognized norms of International Law are an independent source of Family Law, which is contained in the relevant legal documents of international organizations, the participants of which are the vast majority of countries in the world or in a certain region, and the generally recognized principles of International Law, i.e. the principles formulated within the relevant international documents concluded by the vast majority of countries in the world or in a certain region. Particular attention is paid to the study of the peculiarities of Family Law sources, which contain socio-legal prescriptions, such as legal custom, religious norms and contracts in Family Law. It has been determined that the legal custom belongs to the traditional sources of Ukrainian Family Law. For a long time the legal custom (along with legal and religious norms) has been the main source of the Family Law and at the present stage it can be applied by courts or other law enforcement bodies as well as by citizens as members of the relevant ethnic or other social group in cases where it does not contradict the acts of Family Law and moral principles of society. It has been established that religious norms can be applied as customary norms by the court and other public authorities as an auxiliary source of Family Law. On the other hand, they are used as social norms voluntarily by representatives of relevant religious creeds (in particular, in areas that are not covered by legal regulation, such as relations of the marriage ceremony (or annulment of the marriage), christening ceremony, relations between godfathers and the christened children). It has been analyzed the peculiarities of sources of Family Law that contain such legal positions as a legal doctrine, a legal precedent, legal positions of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine and the Supreme Court, practice of the European Court of Human Rights. It has been proposed to provide for the limits of application of legal doctrine in judicial proceedings and law enforcement activities, determining that it is applied by the court in case certain family relations are not regulated by the Family Code of Ukraine, other normative legal acts or agreement (contract) of the parties or if such settlement is contradictory. The relevant legal doctrine may be contained in the conclusion of legal expertise or in the relevant scientific papers of recognized scientists in the field of Family Law. The foreign experience of applying legal precedents and a legal doctrine on this issue has been analyzed. It has also made a conclusion that the sources of Family Law are the decisions of the European Court of Human Rights concerning protection of the rights of children born out of wedlock, ensuring the right to communicate between siblings, to communicate with biological parents with an adopted child, the right of the father to communicate with children, etc.